• Speed: The speed at which the laser head moves, typically in mm/s. Slower speeds allow the laser to burn deeper.
• Power: The output power of the laser, expressed as a percentage of its maximum. Higher power burns deeper.
• Passes: The number of times the laser will trace the same path. Multiple passes at a lower power can produce a cleaner cut with less charring than a single pass at high power.
• Kerf: The width of the material that is vaporized by the laser beam. This must be accounted for in designs requiring tight tolerances.
• Charring: The burning or scorching of the wood along the cut edge, which can be minimized by optimizing settings and using air assist.

"The most important, and often overlooked, factor is the focus of your lens. An improperly focused laser will produce a wide, charred cut and may not even make it through the material. Always perform a ramp test to find the perfect focal distance for your specific lens and material thickness before you even think about speed and power settings." - Laser Cutting Professional

"Don't underestimate the importance of good air assist. A strong, directed jet of air clears smoke and debris from the cut, allowing the laser to work more efficiently. It results in a cleaner, deeper cut with significantly less charring and reduces the risk of flare-ups."